Ana amfani da shi a masana'antu ko binciken kimiyya, ɗaki mai tsabta muhalli ne mai sarrafawa wanda ke da ƙarancin gurɓatattun abubuwa kamar ƙura, ƙwayoyin cuta na iska, barbashi masu iska, da tururin sinadarai. A takaice dai, ɗaki mai tsabta yana da matakin gurɓataccen abu wanda aka ƙayyade ta hanyar adadin barbashi a kowace mita mai siffar cubic a takamaiman girman barbashi. Iskar da ke waje a cikin yanayin birni na yau da kullun tana ɗauke da barbashi 35,000,000 a kowace mita mai siffar cubic, diamita 0.5 micron da ya fi girma, wanda ya yi daidai da ɗakin tsabta na ISO 9 wanda yake a matakin mafi ƙanƙanta na ƙa'idodin ɗaki mai tsabta.
Bayanin Ɗakin Tsabtace
Ana amfani da ɗakunan tsafta a kusan kowace masana'anta inda ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta za su iya yin mummunan tasiri ga tsarin kera su. Suna da girma da sarkakiya, kuma ana amfani da su sosai a masana'antu kamar masana'antar semiconductor, magunguna, fasahar kere-kere, na'urorin likitanci da kimiyyar rayuwa, da kuma kera muhimman hanyoyin kera kayayyaki waɗanda aka saba amfani da su a fannin sararin samaniya, na'urorin gani, na soja da kuma sashen makamashi.
Ɗaki mai tsafta shine duk wani wuri da aka tanadar domin rage gurɓatar ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma sarrafa wasu sigogin muhalli kamar zafin jiki, danshi da matsin lamba. Babban abin da ke cikinsa shine matattarar iska mai inganci (HEPA) wadda ake amfani da ita don kama ƙwayoyin cuta masu girman micron 0.3 ko fiye. Duk iskar da aka kai wa ɗaki mai tsafta tana ratsawa ta matattarar HEPA, kuma a wasu lokutan idan aka buƙaci aikin tsafta mai tsauri, ana amfani da matattarar iska mai ƙarancin ƙwayoyin cuta (ULPA).
Ma'aikatan da aka zaɓa don yin aiki a ɗakunan tsafta suna samun horo mai zurfi kan ka'idar hana gurɓatawa. Suna shiga da fita daga ɗakin tsafta ta hanyar amfani da makullan iska, shawa da/ko ɗakunan sanya tufafi, kuma dole ne su sanya tufafi na musamman waɗanda aka tsara don kama gurɓatattun abubuwa da fata da jiki ke samarwa ta halitta.
Dangane da rarrabuwar ɗakin ko aikin sa, rigar ma'aikata na iya zama iyaka kamar rigar dakin gwaje-gwaje da ragar gashi, ko kuma faɗin da aka lulluɓe shi da kayan zomo masu layi da yawa tare da na'urar numfashi mai ɗauke da kanta.
Ana amfani da tufafin ɗaki mai tsafta don hana fitar da abubuwa daga jikin mai sawa da kuma gurɓata muhalli. Tufafin ɗaki mai tsafta bai kamata ya fitar da ƙwayoyin cuta ko zare don hana gurɓatar muhalli daga ma'aikata ba. Irin wannan gurɓatar ma'aikata na iya lalata aikin samfura a masana'antar semiconductor da magunguna kuma yana iya haifar da kamuwa da cuta tsakanin ma'aikatan lafiya da marasa lafiya a masana'antar kiwon lafiya misali.
Tufafin ɗaki mai tsafta sun haɗa da takalma, takalma, riguna, mayafi, mayafin gemu, mayafin bouffant, mayafin rufe fuska, mayafin rufe fuska/mayafin dakin gwaje-gwaje, riguna, safar hannu da gadon yatsu, ragar gashi, hula, hannun riga da murfin takalma. Nau'in tufafin ɗaki mai tsafta da ake amfani da su ya kamata ya nuna yanayin ɗakin da kuma takamaiman kayan da aka yi amfani da su. Ɗakunan da ba su da tsafta na iya buƙatar takalma na musamman waɗanda ke da tafin ƙafa masu santsi waɗanda ba sa bin ƙura ko datti. Duk da haka, bai kamata a sanya takalmi a ƙasan takalma a matsayin abin da zai sa su zame ba domin aminci koyaushe yana da fifiko. Yawanci ana buƙatar suturar ɗaki mai tsabta don shiga ɗaki mai tsabta. Ɗakunan da ke tsafta na aji 10,000 na iya amfani da mayafi masu sauƙi, mayafin kai, da takalma. Ga ɗakunan da ke tsafta na aji 10, ana buƙatar hanyoyin saka riga mai kyau tare da murfin zik, takalma, safar hannu da kuma cikakken abin rufe numfashi.
Ka'idojin Gudar da Iska a Ɗaki Mai Tsabta
Dakunan tsafta suna kula da iska mara barbashi ta hanyar amfani da matattara na HEPA ko ULPA ta amfani da ƙa'idodin kwararar iska mai laminar ko mai rikitarwa. Tsarin kwararar iska mai laminar, ko kuma unidirectional, yana kai iska mai tacewa ƙasa a cikin rafi mai ɗorewa. Yawanci ana amfani da tsarin kwararar iska mai laminar a cikin kashi 100% na rufin don kiyaye kwararar iska mai ɗorewa. Ana bayyana ƙa'idodin kwararar Laminar gabaɗaya a cikin tashoshin aiki masu ɗaukuwa (LF hoods), kuma an wajabta shi a cikin ɗakunan tsabta na ISO-1 zuwa ISO-4.
Tsarin ɗaki mai tsafta mai kyau ya ƙunshi tsarin rarraba iska gaba ɗaya, gami da tanadin isasshen iska mai dawowa daga ƙasa. A cikin ɗakunan kwararar iska a tsaye, wannan yana nufin amfani da iska mai ƙarancin bango mai dawowa a kewayen yankin. A cikin aikace-aikacen kwararar iska a kwance, yana buƙatar amfani da iska mai dawowa a iyakar ƙasa na tsarin. Amfani da iska mai dawowa da aka ɗora a rufi ya saba wa tsarin tsabtataccen ɗaki.
Rarrabuwar Ɗaki Mai Tsabta
Ana rarraba ɗakunan tsafta ta yadda iska take da tsabta. A cikin Ma'aunin Tarayya na 209 (A zuwa D) na Amurka, ana auna adadin barbashi daidai da kuma sama da 0.5µm a cikin ƙafa ɗaya ta iska mai siffar cubic, kuma ana amfani da wannan ƙidaya don rarraba ɗakin tsabta. Wannan ma'aunin ma'auni kuma an yarda da shi a cikin sigar 209E ta kwanan nan ta Ma'aunin Tarayya. Ana amfani da Ma'aunin Tarayya na 209E a cikin gida. Sabon ma'aunin shine TC 209 daga Ƙungiyar Ma'aunin Ƙasa da Ƙasa. Dukansu ƙa'idodi suna rarraba ɗaki mai tsabta ta hanyar adadin barbashi da aka samu a cikin iskar dakin gwaje-gwaje. Ka'idojin rarrabuwar ɗakin tsabta FS 209E da ISO 14644-1 suna buƙatar takamaiman ma'aunin ƙidayar barbashi da lissafi don rarraba matakin tsaftar ɗaki mai tsabta ko yanki mai tsabta. A Burtaniya, ana amfani da Ma'aunin Birtaniya na 5295 don rarraba ɗakuna masu tsabta. Wannan ma'aunin zai maye gurbin BS EN ISO 14644-1.
Ana rarraba ɗakunan tsafta bisa ga adadin da girman barbashi da aka yarda da su ga kowace ƙarar iska. Manyan lambobi kamar "aji 100" ko "aji 1000" suna nufin FED_STD-209E, kuma suna nuna adadin barbashi masu girman 0.5 µm ko fiye da aka yarda da su ga kowace ƙafar cubic na iska. Ma'aunin kuma yana ba da damar yin amfani da interpolation, don haka yana yiwuwa a bayyana misali "aji 2000."
Ƙananan lambobi suna nuni ga ƙa'idodin ISO 14644-1, waɗanda ke ƙayyade logarithm na adadi na barbashi 0.1 µm ko mafi girma da aka yarda da su a kowace mita mai siffar cubic na iska. Don haka, misali, ɗakin tsabta na aji 5 na ISO yana da aƙalla barbashi 105 = 100,000 a kowace m³.
FS 209E da ISO 14644-1 duka suna ɗaukar alaƙar log-log tsakanin girman barbashi da yawan barbashi. Saboda haka, babu wani abu kamar sifili yawan barbashi. Iskar ɗaki ta yau da kullun tana da kusan aji 1,000,000 ko ISO 9.
Ma'aunin Tsabtace Ɗaki na ISO 14644-1
| Aji | Matsakaicin Barbashi/m3 | Daidaitaccen FED STD 209EE | |||||
| >=0.1 µm | >=0.2 µm | >=0.3 µm | >=0.5 µm | >=1 µm | >=5 µm | ||
| ISO 1 | 10 | 2 | |||||
| ISO 2 | 100 | 24 | 10 | 4 | |||
| ISO 3 | 1,000 | 237 | 102 | 35 | 8 | Aji na 1 | |
| ISO 4 | 10,000 | 2,370 | 1,020 | 352 | 83 | Aji na 10 | |
| ISO 5 | 100,000 | 23,700 | 10,200 | 3,520 | 832 | 29 | Aji na 100 |
| ISO 6 | 1,000,000 | 237,000 | 102,000 | 35,200 | 8,320 | 293 | Aji na 1,000 |
| ISO 7 | 352,000 | 83,200 | 2,930 | Aji 10,000 | |||
| ISO 8 | 3,520,000 | 832,000 | 29,300 | Aji 100,000 | |||
| ISO 9 | 35,200,000 | 8,320,000 | 293,000 | Iskar Daki | |||
Lokacin Saƙo: Maris-29-2023