Yawanci ana amfani da shi wajen masana'antu ko bincike na kimiyya, ɗaki mai tsabta muhalli ne mai sarrafawa wanda ke da ƙarancin ƙazanta kamar ƙura, ƙwayoyin cuta masu iska, barbashi aerosol, da tururin sinadarai. Don zama madaidaici, ɗaki mai tsabta yana da matakin sarrafawa na gurɓataccen abu wanda aka ƙayyade ta adadin barbashi a kowace mita cubic a ƙayyadadden girman ƙwayar. Iskar yanayi a waje a cikin yanayin birni na yau da kullun yana ƙunshe da barbashi 35,000,000 a kowace mita cubic, 0.5 micron kuma mafi girma a diamita, daidai da ɗaki mai tsabta na ISO 9 wanda ke a matakin mafi ƙasƙanci na ƙa'idodin ɗaki mai tsabta.
Bayanin Daki Tsabtace
Ana amfani da ɗakuna masu tsabta a kusan kowace masana'antu inda ƙananan barbashi zasu iya yin illa ga tsarin masana'antu. Suna bambanta da girma da rikitarwa, kuma ana amfani da su sosai a masana'antu kamar masana'antu na semiconductor, magunguna, fasahar kere kere, na'urar likitanci da kimiyyar rayuwa, da kuma masana'antar mahimman tsari na gama gari a sararin samaniya, na'urorin gani, soja da sashen makamashi.
Daki mai tsafta shine duk wani da aka ba da sarari inda aka tanadar don rage gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu da sarrafa sauran sigogin muhalli kamar zafin jiki, zafi da matsa lamba. Babban abin da ake buƙata shine matatar da ake amfani da ita don tara abubuwan da ke da 0.3 micron kuma mafi girma a girman. Duk iskar da aka kai zuwa ɗaki mai tsafta tana wucewa ta cikin matattarar HEPA, kuma a wasu lokuta inda tsaftataccen aikin tsafta ya zama dole, ana amfani da matatun Ultra Low Particulate Air (ULPA).
Ma'aikatan da aka zaɓa don yin aiki a cikin ɗakuna masu tsabta suna samun horo mai yawa a kan ka'idar sarrafa gurɓataccen abu. Suna shiga da fita daga ɗaki mai tsafta ta makullin iska, shawan iska da /ko ɗakuna, kuma dole ne su sa tufafi na musamman da aka tsara don kama gurɓatattun abubuwa waɗanda fata da jiki ke haifar da su.
Dangane da rarrabuwar ɗaki ko aikin, kayan ado na ma'aikata na iya zama iyakancewa kamar riguna da rigunan gashi, ko kuma faɗin yadda aka lulluɓe su a cikin rigunan bunny da yawa tare da na'urorin numfashi mai ɗauke da kai.
Ana amfani da tufafin ɗaki mai tsafta don hana fitar da abubuwa daga jikin mai sawa da kuma gurbata muhalli. Tufafin ɗaki mai tsafta da kanta ba dole ba ne ya saki barbashi ko zaruruwa don hana gurɓatar muhalli ta wurin ma'aikata. Irin wannan gurɓataccen ma'aikata na iya lalata aikin samfur a cikin semiconductor da masana'antar harhada magunguna kuma yana iya haifar da kamuwa da cuta tsakanin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da marasa lafiya a cikin masana'antar kiwon lafiya misali.
Tufafin ɗaki mai tsafta sun haɗa da takalma, takalma, riguna, murfin gemu, hular bouffant, mayafi, abin rufe fuska, rigunan riguna/kawul, riguna, safar hannu da gadajen yatsa, tarun gashi, murfi, hannun riga da murfin takalmi. Nau'in tufafin ɗakin da aka yi amfani da shi ya kamata ya nuna ɗakin tsabta da ƙayyadaddun samfur. Ƙananan ɗakuna masu tsabta na iya buƙatar takalma na musamman waɗanda ke da santsi gaba ɗaya wanda baya bin ƙura ko datti. Koyaya, gindin takalma dole ne ya haifar da haɗari masu zamewa tunda aminci koyaushe yana kan gaba. Ana buƙatar rigar ɗaki mai tsabta don shigar da ɗaki mai tsabta. Dakuna masu tsabta na aji 10,000 na iya amfani da smocks masu sauƙi, murfin kai, da takalma. Don ɗakuna masu tsabta na aji 10, ana buƙatar matakan sanye da rigar rigar tare da murfi da aka zindige duka, takalma, safofin hannu da cikakken shingen numfashi ana buƙatar.
Tsabtace Tsabtace Tsabtace Tsabtace Tsabtace Tsabtace Tsabtace Tsabtace Tsabtace Tsabtace Daki
Tsabtace ɗakuna suna kula da iska maras amfani ta hanyar amfani da ko dai HEPA ko ULPA tacewa da ke amfani da laminar ko ƙa'idodin kwararar iska. Laminar, ko unidirectional, tsarin kwararar iska kai tsaye tace iskar zuwa ƙasa a cikin rafi na dindindin. Tsarin kwararar iska na Laminar galibi ana amfani da shi a cikin kashi 100% na rufin don kiyaye kwararar da ba ta kai tsaye ba. Gabaɗaya an bayyana ma'aunin kwararar Laminar a cikin tashoshin aiki masu ɗaukar hoto (LF hoods), kuma an ba da izini a cikin ISO-1 ta hanyar ISO-4 dakunan da aka keɓe masu tsabta.
Tsaftataccen ɗaki mai tsafta ya ƙunshi duk tsarin rarraba iska, gami da tanade-tanade don isasshe, dawowar iska mai ƙasa. A cikin ɗakuna masu gudana a tsaye, wannan yana nufin amfani da ƙananan iskan bango yana dawowa kewaye da kewayen yankin. A cikin aikace-aikacen kwararar kwance a kwance, yana buƙatar amfani da dawo da iska a iyakar ƙasa na tsari. Amfani da rufin da aka ɗora dawowar iska ya saba wa tsarin tsaftataccen ɗaki mai kyau.
Tsaftace Rubutun ɗaki
Ana rarraba ɗakuna masu tsabta ta yadda tsabtar iska take. A cikin Ma'auni na Tarayya 209 (A zuwa D) na Amurka, ana auna adadin barbashi daidai da kuma fiye da 0.5µm a cikin ƙafar cubic cubic na iska, kuma ana amfani da wannan ƙidayar don rarraba ɗaki mai tsabta. Hakanan ana karɓar wannan ma'auni na ma'auni a cikin mafi kyawun sigar 209E na Standard. Ana amfani da Standard Standard 209E a cikin gida. Sabon ma'auni shine TC 209 daga Ƙungiyar Ƙididdiga ta Duniya. Duk ma'auni biyu suna rarraba ɗaki mai tsabta ta adadin barbashi da aka samu a cikin iskan dakin gwaje-gwaje. Matsayin tsaftataccen ɗaki FS 209E da ISO 14644-1 suna buƙatar takamaiman ma'auni da ƙididdiga don rarraba matakin tsabta na ɗaki mai tsabta ko yanki mai tsabta. A cikin Burtaniya, ana amfani da Standard 5295 don rarraba ɗakuna masu tsabta. BS EN ISO 14644-1 yana gab da maye gurbin wannan ma'aunin.
Ana rarraba ɗakuna masu tsafta bisa ga lamba da girman ɓangarorin da aka halatta kowace ƙarar iska. Lambobi masu girma kamar "aji 100" ko "aji 1000" suna nufin FED_STD-209E, kuma suna nuna adadin barbashi girman 0.5 µm ko mafi girma da aka halatta a kowace ƙafar kubik na iska. Hakanan ma'auni yana ba da damar haɗin gwiwa, don haka yana yiwuwa a kwatanta misali "class 2000."
Ƙananan lambobi suna komawa zuwa ka'idodin ISO 14644-1, waɗanda ke ƙayyadaddun logarithm na adadi na adadin barbashi 0.1 µm ko mafi girma da aka halatta a kowace mita cubic na iska. Don haka, alal misali, ɗakin tsaftataccen aji na ISO 5 yana da aƙalla 105 = 100,000 barbashi a kowace m³.
Dukansu FS 209E da ISO 14644-1 suna ɗaukar alaƙar log-log tsakanin girman barbashi da ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta. Saboda wannan dalili, babu wani abu kamar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta. Iskar daki ta yau da kullun tana kusan aji 1,000,000 ko ISO 9.
ISO 14644-1 Tsaftace Matsayin Daki
| Class | Matsakaicin Barbashi/m3 | FED STD 209EE daidai | |||||
| > = 0.1 µm | > = 0.2 µm | > = 0.3 µm | > = 0.5 µm | >> 1 µm | >> 5µm | ||
| ISO 1 | 10 | 2 | |||||
| ISO 2 | 100 | 24 | 10 | 4 | |||
| ISO 3 | 1,000 | 237 | 102 | 35 | 8 | Darasi na 1 | |
| ISO 4 | 10,000 | 2,370 | 1,020 | 352 | 83 | Darasi na 10 | |
| ISO 5 | 100,000 | 23,700 | 10,200 | 3,520 | 832 | 29 | Darasi na 100 |
| ISO 6 | 1,000,000 | 237,000 | 102,000 | 35,200 | 8,320 | 293 | Darasi na 1,000 |
| ISO 7 | 352,000 | 83,200 | 2,930 | Darasi na 10,000 | |||
| ISO 8 | 3,520,000 | 832,000 | 29,300 | Darasi na 100,000 | |||
| ISO 9 | 35,200,000 | 8,320,000 | 293,000 | Daki Air | |||
Lokacin aikawa: Maris 29-2023