Tun bayan da aka kafa shi a shekarar 1992, "Kyakkyawan Tsarin Masana'antu don Magunguna" (GMP) a masana'antar magunguna ta kasar Sin a hankali an gane shi, an karɓe shi, kuma an aiwatar da shi ta hanyar kamfanonin samar da magunguna. GMP wata manufa ce ta ƙasa ga kamfanoni, kuma kamfanonin da suka kasa cika sharuɗɗan da aka ƙayyade za su daina samarwa.
Babban abin da ke cikin takardar shaidar GMP shine kula da ingancin samar da magunguna. Ana iya taƙaita abubuwan da ke cikinta zuwa sassa biyu: kula da software da kayan aiki. Gine-ginen ɗaki mai tsabta yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan saka hannun jari a cikin kayan aikin. Bayan kammala ginin ɗaki mai tsabta, dole ne a tabbatar da ko zai iya cimma manufofin ƙira da kuma cika buƙatun GMP ta hanyar gwaji.
A lokacin duba daki mai tsafta, wasu daga cikinsu sun gaza duba tsafta, wasu kuma na gida ne ga masana'antar, wasu kuma dukkan aikin ne. Idan duba bai cancanta ba, kodayake ɓangarorin biyu sun cimma buƙatun ta hanyar gyarawa, gyara kurakurai, tsaftacewa, da sauransu, sau da yawa yana ɓatar da ma'aikata da albarkatun kayan aiki da yawa, yana jinkirta lokacin gini, kuma yana jinkirta tsarin takardar shaidar GMP. Ana iya guje wa wasu dalilai da lahani kafin a gwada. A cikin ainihin aikinmu, mun gano cewa manyan dalilai da matakan ingantawa na rashin cancantar tsafta da gazawar GMP sun haɗa da:
1. Tsarin injiniya mara hankali
Wannan lamari ba kasafai yake faruwa ba, musamman a gina ƙananan ɗakuna masu tsafta waɗanda ke da ƙarancin buƙatar tsafta. Gasar da ake yi a fannin injiniyan ɗaki mai tsafta tana da ƙarfi a yanzu, kuma wasu sassan gini sun bayar da ƙananan farashi a cikin tayinsu don samun aikin. A matakin ƙarshe na ginin, an yi amfani da wasu sassan don yanke kusurwoyi da amfani da na'urorin sanyaya iska mai ƙarfi da na'urorin matse iska saboda rashin iliminsu, wanda ya haifar da rashin daidaiton wutar lantarki da yankin tsafta, wanda ya haifar da rashin tsafta. Wani dalili kuma shine mai amfani ya ƙara sabbin buƙatu da yanki mai tsabta bayan fara ƙira da gini, wanda hakan kuma zai sa ƙirar asali ta kasa cika buƙatun. Wannan lahani na haihuwa yana da wahalar ingantawa kuma ya kamata a guji shi a lokacin ƙirar injiniya.
2. Sauya kayayyaki masu inganci da kayayyaki masu ƙarancin inganci
A fannin amfani da matatun hepa a cikin ɗakunan tsafta, ƙasar ta tanadar da cewa don maganin tsaftace iska mai matakin tsafta na 100000 ko sama da haka, ya kamata a yi amfani da matatun farko, matsakaici, da hepa masu matakai uku. A lokacin aikin tabbatarwa, an gano cewa wani babban aikin tsaftace ɗaki ya yi amfani da matatun iska mai matakin ƙasa don maye gurbin matatun iska na hepa a matakin tsafta na 10000, wanda ya haifar da rashin tsafta. A ƙarshe, an maye gurbin matatun mai inganci don cika buƙatun takardar shaidar GMP.
3. Rashin rufe bututun samar da iska ko matatar mai kyau
Wannan lamari yana faruwa ne sakamakon rashin tsari mai kyau, kuma a lokacin karɓa, yana iya zama kamar wani ɗaki ko wani ɓangare na tsarin iri ɗaya bai cancanta ba. Hanyar ingantawa ita ce amfani da hanyar gwajin zubar da ruwa don bututun samar da iska, kuma matatar tana amfani da na'urar auna barbashi don duba sashin giciye, manne mai rufewa, da firam ɗin shigarwa na matatar, gano wurin zubar da ruwa, da kuma rufe shi a hankali.
4. Rashin tsari da kuma aiwatar da bututun iska ko hanyoyin iska masu dawowa
Dangane da dalilan ƙira, wani lokacin saboda ƙarancin sarari, amfani da "dawowar gefen samar da kayayyaki" ko rashin isasshen adadin hanyoyin iska mai dawowa ba zai yiwu ba. Bayan kawar da dalilan ƙira, gyara hanyoyin iska mai dawowa shima muhimmin haɗin gini ne. Idan gyara ba shi da kyau, juriyar hanyar iska mai dawowa ta yi yawa, kuma girman iska mai dawowa ya yi ƙasa da girman iska mai bayarwa, hakan zai haifar da rashin tsafta. Bugu da ƙari, tsayin hanyar iska mai dawowa daga ƙasa yayin gini shima yana shafar tsafta.
5. Rashin isasshen lokacin tsarkake kai don tsarin tsaftar ɗaki yayin gwaji
A bisa ƙa'idar ƙasa, za a fara gwajin bayan mintuna 30 bayan tsarin sanyaya iska ya yi aiki yadda ya kamata. Idan lokacin aiki ya yi ƙanƙanta, hakan na iya haifar da rashin tsafta. A wannan yanayin, ya isa a tsawaita lokacin aiki na tsarin tsarkake iska yadda ya kamata.
6. Ba a tsaftace tsarin sanyaya iska sosai ba
A lokacin aikin ginin, ba a kammala dukkan tsarin sanyaya iska, musamman hanyoyin samar da iska da dawo da su, a lokaci guda, kuma ma'aikatan gini da muhallin gini na iya haifar da gurɓata hanyoyin samun iska da matattara. Idan ba a tsaftace su sosai ba, zai shafi sakamakon gwajin kai tsaye. Matakin ingantawa shine tsaftacewa yayin gini, kuma bayan an tsaftace sashin da ya gabata na shigar da bututun mai sosai, ana iya amfani da fim ɗin filastik don rufe shi don guje wa gurɓatawa da abubuwan muhalli ke haifarwa.
7. Tsaftataccen bita ba a tsaftace shi sosai ba
Babu shakka, dole ne a tsaftace wurin aiki mai tsafta sosai kafin a ci gaba da gwaji. Ana buƙatar ma'aikatan gogewa na ƙarshe su sanya tufafin aiki masu tsabta don tsaftacewa don kawar da gurɓataccen da jikin ma'aikatan tsaftacewa ke haifarwa. Abubuwan tsaftacewa na iya zama ruwan famfo, ruwan tsarki, abubuwan narkewa na halitta, sabulun wanke-wanke masu tsaka tsaki, da sauransu. Ga waɗanda ke da buƙatun hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana hana.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuli-26-2023