Haihuwar ɗakin tsafta
Fitowar da ci gaban duk fasahohin saboda bukatun samarwa ne. Fasahar ɗaki mai tsabta ba banda. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, gyroscopes masu ɗaukar iska da aka samar a Amurka don kewaya jirgin sama dole ne a sake yin aiki da matsakaita sau 120 ga kowane gyroscopes 10 saboda rashin inganci. A lokacin yakin Koriya ta Arewa a farkon shekarun 1950, an maye gurbin kayan aikin lantarki fiye da miliyan a cikin na'urorin sadarwar lantarki 160,000 a Amurka. Radar gazawar ya faru kashi 84% na lokacin, kuma gazawar sonar na karkashin ruwa ya faru kashi 48% na lokacin. Dalilin shi ne cewa na'urorin lantarki da sassa suna da rashin aminci da inganci mara kyau. Sojoji da masana'antun sun binciki dalilin kuma a ƙarshe sun ƙaddara daga bangarori da yawa cewa yana da alaƙa da yanayin samarwa mara tsabta. Ko da yake ba a rage kashe kuɗi ba kuma an ɗauki tsauraran matakai don rufe taron samar da kayayyaki, sakamakon ya yi kadan. Don haka wannan shine haihuwar ɗaki mai tsabta!
Ci gaban ɗaki mai tsabta
Mataki na farko: Har zuwa farkon shekarun 1950, an yi amfani da na'urar HEPA-High Efficiency Particulate Air Filter, wanda Hukumar Makamashin Makamashi ta Amurka ta yi nasarar ƙera shi a shekarar 1951 don magance matsalar kama ƙurar rediyo da ke cutar da mutane, a tsarin isar da sako. na samar da bita. Tace iska da gaske ta haifar da tsaftataccen ɗaki mai mahimmancin zamani.
Mataki na biyu: A cikin 1961, Willis Whitfield, babban mai bincike a Sandia National Laboratories a Amurka, ya ba da shawarar abin da ake kira laminar flow a lokacin, kuma yanzu ana kiransa unidirectional flow. (Unidirectional flow) tsaftataccen tsari kungiyar kwararar iska da kuma amfani da ainihin ayyukan. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ɗakin tsafta ya kai matakin tsafta da ba a taɓa gani ba.
Mataki na uku: A cikin wannan shekarar, Sojojin saman Amurka sun ƙirƙira tare da fitar da daidaitattun ɗaki mai tsafta na farko a duniya TO-00-25--203 Umarnin Sojan Sama "Ma'auni na Zane da Halayen Ayyuka na Tsabtace Dakuna da Tsabtace Tsabtace." A kan wannan, ƙa'idar tarayya ta Amurka FED-STD-209, wacce ta raba ɗakuna masu tsabta zuwa matakai uku, an sanar da su a cikin Disamba 1963. Ya zuwa yanzu, an samar da samfurin cikakkiyar fasahar ɗaki mai tsabta.
Abubuwan ci gaba guda uku na sama galibi ana yaba su azaman matakai uku a cikin tarihin haɓaka ɗaki mai tsafta na zamani.
A tsakiyar 1960s, ɗakuna masu tsabta suna tasowa a sassa daban-daban na masana'antu a Amurka. Ba wai kawai an yi amfani da shi a cikin masana'antar soja ba, har ma an inganta shi a cikin kayan lantarki, na'urorin gani, micro bearings, micro Motors, fina-finai masu daukar hoto, ultrapure sunadarai reagents da sauran sassan masana'antu, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen inganta ci gaban kimiyya, fasaha da masana'antu a wancan lokacin. Don wannan, mai zuwa shine cikakken bayani game da ƙasashen gida da na waje.
Kwatancen ci gaba
A Waje: A farkon shekarun 1950, don magance matsalar kama kura mai cutarwa ga jikin dan Adam, Hukumar Makamashin Nukiliya ta Amurka ta gabatar da na'urar tace iska mai inganci (HEPA) a shekarar 1950, wadda ta zama mataki na farko a cikin kasar. tarihin ci gaban fasaha mai tsabta. A cikin 1960s, ɗakuna masu tsabta sun taso a cikin injunan lantarki da sauran masana'antu a Amurka. A lokaci guda kuma, an fara aiwatar da dasa fasahar ɗaki mai tsabta na masana'antu zuwa ɗakuna masu tsabta na halitta. A cikin 1961, an haifi ɗaki mai tsabta (laminar flow). Madaidaicin ɗaki mai tsabta na farko a duniya - Rukunan Fasaha na Rundunar Sojan Sama na Amurka 203 an kafa. A farkon shekarun 1970, mayar da hankali kan gina ɗaki mai tsabta ya fara canzawa zuwa masana'antar likitanci, magunguna, abinci da masana'antar sinadarai. Baya ga Amurka, sauran kasashe masu ci gaban masana'antu irin su Japan, Jamus, Burtaniya, Faransa, Switzerland, tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet, Netherlands, da dai sauransu kuma suna ba da muhimmiyar mahimmanci ga fasaha mai tsafta da karfi. Bayan shekarun 1980, Amurka da Japan sun sami nasarar haɓaka sabbin matatun ultra-hepa tare da maƙasudin tacewa na 0.1 μm da ingantaccen tarin 99.99%. A ƙarshe, an gina ɗakuna masu tsabta na ultra-hepa tare da 0.1μm matakin 10 da 0.1μm matakin 1, wanda ya kawo ci gaban fasaha mai tsabta a cikin sabon zamani.
Kasar Sin: Tun daga farkon shekarun 1960 zuwa karshen shekarun 1970, wadannan shekaru goma su ne farkon da kuma tushe na fasahar daki mai tsabta ta kasar Sin. Kusan shekaru goma baya fiye da kasashen waje. Lokaci ne na musamman kuma mai wahala, mai raunin tattalin arziki kuma ba shi da diflomasiyya mai karfi. A karkashin irin wannan mawuyacin yanayi da kuma kusa da bukatun injuna, kayan aikin jiragen sama da masana'antu na lantarki, ma'aikatan fasahar daki mai tsabta na kasar Sin sun fara nasu harkokin kasuwanci. Daga karshen shekarun 1970 zuwa karshen shekarun 1980, fasahar daki mai tsafta ta kasar Sin ta fuskanci matakin ci gaban rana. A cikin tsarin bunkasa fasahar daki mai tsafta ta kasar Sin, an samu muhimman nasarori da dama da aka samu a wannan mataki. Alamun sun kai matakin fasaha na ƙasashen waje a cikin 1980s. Tun daga farkon shekarun 1990 zuwa yanzu, tattalin arzikin kasar Sin ya samu karbuwa da saurin bunkasuwa, ana ci gaba da zuba jari a kasashen duniya, kana da dama daga cikin kungiyoyin kasa da kasa sun yi nasarar gina masana'antu na microelectronics a kasar Sin. Don haka, fasahar cikin gida da masu bincike suna da ƙarin dama don tuntuɓar ra'ayoyin ƙira na ɗakuna masu tsabta na ƙasashen waje, da fahimtar ci-gaba na kayan aiki da na'urori na duniya, gudanarwa da kiyayewa, da sauransu.
Tare da bunkasuwar kimiyya da fasaha, kamfanonin dakunan tsabta na kasar Sin ma suna samun ci gaba cikin sauri. Matsayin rayuwar jama'a na ci gaba da inganta, kuma buƙatunsu na muhallin rayuwa da ingancin rayuwa na ƙara ƙaruwa. A hankali an daidaita fasahar injiniyan ɗaki mai tsafta don tsabtace iska ta gida. A halin yanzu, ayyukan dakunan tsabta na kasar Sin ba kawai sun dace da na'urorin lantarki, na'urorin lantarki, magunguna, abinci, binciken kimiyya da sauran masana'antu ba, har ma ana iya amfani da su a gidaje, wuraren shakatawa na jama'a, cibiyoyin ilimi da dai sauransu, tare da ci gaba da samun ci gaba. na kimiyya da fasaha, kamfanonin injiniyoyi masu tsabta sun bazu zuwa dubban gidaje a hankali. Girman masana'antar kayan aikin daki mai tsafta kuma ya karu kowace rana, kuma mutane sun fara jin daɗin aikin injiniyan ɗaki mai tsabta a hankali.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-20-2023